Chinese Last Names
Surnames & Family Names
Explore common, unique, and popular Chinese last names with their meanings. Understand the rich history and cultural significance behind Chinese surnames and family naming traditions.
Common Chinese Last Names
King, ruler
Most common last name, originated from royal titles and ancient states
Plum tree
Imperial last name of Tang Dynasty, symbolizing strength and beauty
To draw a bow
Originated from ancient bow-making profession
Battle-axe
Royal last name of Han Dynasty, represents power and authority
Ancient state
From the state of Chen, common in southern China
Poplar tree
Nature-inspired last name, symbolizing resilience
Yellow
Imperial color, associated with earth and center
Ancient state
Royal last name of Song Dynasty
Unique Chinese Last Names
European sun
Compound last name with distinguished heritage
Minister of horses
Ancient official title turned last name
High official
Compound last name indicating noble ancestry
Upright wood
Rare compound last name with scholarly associations
Imperial assistant
Noble compound last name from ancient times
Command fox
Distinctive compound last name with military origins
Popular Chinese Last Names
Circumference, complete
From Zhou Dynasty, represents completeness and cycles
Ancient state
From the state of Wu, common in eastern China
Slow, gentle
Represents patience and steady progress
Grandson, descendant
Often indicates descendant of nobility
Horse
Associated with speed and military prowess
Vermillion red
Imperial last name of Ming Dynasty
Chinese Last Names And Meaning
Chinese last names carry deep historical and cultural significance, often tracing back thousands of years. Unlike first names which are created uniquely, last names are inherited and connect individuals to their ancestral lineage.
Origins of Chinese Last Names:
- Ancient States and Territories: Many last names like 陈 (Chen), 鲁 (Lu), and 齐 (Qi) come from ancient Chinese states
- Occupations: Last names like 张 (Zhang - bow maker) and 陶 (Tao - pottery) originated from ancestral professions
- Royal Grants: Emperors bestowed last names like 李 (Li) and 赵 (Zhao) upon loyal subjects
- Natural Elements: Last names like 林 (Lin - forest) and 江 (Jiang - river) derive from geographical features
- Virtues and Qualities: Some last names like 忠 (Zhong - loyalty) represent moral values
Cultural Significance:
In Chinese culture, the last name comes first, emphasizing the importance of family and ancestry over individual identity. This reflects the collectivist values of Chinese society where family honor and lineage are paramount.
The "Hundred Family Surnames" (百家姓) is a classic Chinese text that lists the most common last names. Despite its name, it actually contains over 500 last names, with about 100 accounting for 85% of China's population.